There are four types of specifications: performance, prescriptive, proprietary and reference specifications. By leveraging these types of specifications, project stakeholders can achieve clarity, consistency and compliance, ensuring the successful implementation of construction projects.
The following is an overview of each type of specification:
Performance specifications
Performance specifications focus on a project's desired outcome or functional requirements rather than prescribing specific materials, methods, or processes. Performance specifications outline the desired performance criteria, allowing contractors and suppliers to determine the most suitable approach to meet those requirements. This type of specification provides more freedom in finding solutions, encourages competition and allows for the use of new technologies and materials.
Prescriptive specifications
Prescriptive specifications provide detailed instructions for construction projects on the materials, methods and processes. Unlike performance specifications, which focus on desired outcomes, prescriptive specifications leave little room for interpretation or alternative approaches. Prescriptive specifications dictate specific details, such as the types of materials, dimensions, installation methods and quality standards. Prescriptive specifications are helpful when there is a need for precise control over the construction processes or when regulations, codes, or industry standards mandate certain materials or methods.
Proprietary specifications
Proprietary specifications refer to specifications that specify a particular brand or manufacturer for use in a construction project. Unlike open or non-proprietary specifications allowing multiple options, proprietary specifications limit the choices to a specific product or manufacturer.
Reference specifications
Reference specifications are a type of specification that provides a comprehensive list of industry-standard documents, codes and standards in a construction project. These specifications typically include references to recognized documents, such as building codes, design standards, material specifications and testing procedures. Reference specifications promote consistency and quality while allowing flexibility in selecting specific criteria that best suit the project's needs.
